Author: Akash Kapadia, MD

Does Cranberry Juice Work for Kidney Stones?

Posted on August 23, 2023September 6, 2023 by Akash Kapadia, MD in Diet, Kidney

It may seem too simplistic and even ridiculous, but we’ve all been told that cranberries and their juice effectively prevent kidney stones. However, before you go out and drink liters of cranberry juice at a time, we must discuss some other ways to mitigate kidney stones and what you should do if you develop them.

Kidney stones are hardened crystals that develop within the kidneys for several potential reasons. Kidney stones do not cause pain for many as they are small enough to pass through the urinary system without us ever knowing. For some, however, kidney stones can develop to be quite large. While the stones remain in the kidneys themselves, they are usually asymptomatic. However, if they begin to migrate into the ureters – the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder – they can cause significant pain and other complications. For some, kidney stones represent a harrowing circumstance, which may require passing the stone over a day or two or intervention from a urologist using shockwave therapy or lithotripsy. However, it’s important to remember that if you develop a fever or other signs of infection, this is an emergency that must be treated at the hospital. Kidney infections progress very rapidly and can be devastating if not treated early.

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Will My ED Treatment Cause Priapism?

Posted on August 9, 2023September 6, 2023 by Akash Kapadia, MD in Erectile Dysfunction

When discussing erectile dysfunction, or ED, most men are laser-focused on treatments to eliminate the embarrassment and lack of function. Because erectile function plays a significant psychological and physical role in our lives and lifestyles, we are often predisposed to trying almost everything to eliminate it, sometimes with little regard for the consequences. From supplements to pills and injections to implants, there is no lack of options when choosing how to treat ED.

Of course, each of the erectile dysfunction treatment options on the market today has side effects. Fortunately, due to the number of studies and funding put into these treatments, most options are relatively safe with minor side effects. However, a significant issue, considered an emergency, can arise from specific erectile dysfunction treatments. That concern, albeit rare, is priapism – an erection lasting more than four hours.

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TESE, Micro-TESE, and Low Testosterone

Posted on July 26, 2023July 26, 2023 by Akash Kapadia, MD in Low Testosterone, Male Fertility

TESEs were first performed in the early 1990s and provided men with a fertility option even if semen analysis showed no sperm – known as azoospermia. This ushered in an era of male fertility options that allowed urologists to retrieve sperm in about 30% of men, ultimately resulting in about 25% of men being able to become fathers. With 1% or so of all American men not having usable sperm in their semen, this was a major step forward.

Around the same time, we began to understand the landscape of male versus female infertility, and we now know that about a third of all infertility issues can be attributed to the male patient, a third to the female patient, and a third to both. So, finding a way to improve male fertility has addressed a key concern of couples struggling to conceive.

The TESE and even micro-TESE is an invasive procedure used for sperm extraction from the testes. Both require cutting into the testicle, at which point the urologic surgeon tests areas of the testicle for sperm. If sperm are found, they are extracted for later insemination.

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What to Know About Testicular Mapping

Posted on July 12, 2023July 20, 2024 by Akash Kapadia, MD in Azoospermia, Low Testosterone, Male Fertility

While there’s plenty we don’t know, we have learned a lot about male fertility and reproduction over the past few decades. One of the most exciting areas of research and advancement has been in the management of male fertility concerns. Nonobstructive azoospermia was at one time considered difficult or impossible to treat, yet now, many men with no detectable sperm in their semen have become fathers. Today, there are several sperm extraction techniques available to these men, but most are invasive. As such, there has been a need for minimally invasive diagnostics to see whether sperm can be found in the testes.

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When to Consider a Penile Implant for Erectile Dysfunction

Posted on June 28, 2023August 2, 2023 by Akash Kapadia, MD in Erectile Dysfunction, Penile Implants

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual satisfaction. It is a prevalent condition affecting up to 30 million men in the United States and 150 million worldwide. ED can significantly impact a man’s quality of life and intimate relationships. Luckily, numerous treatment options exist for ED, which range in invasiveness and cost. These include oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, tadalafil), intraurethral alprostadil, penile injections, and vacuum devices. However, if these methods fail to provide satisfactory results or are contraindicated due to medical conditions, a penile implant may be worth considering. However, it can also be regarded as a first-line treatment through shared decision-making. This article explores the circumstances under which patients could contemplate a penile implant as a treatment option for ED, discussing the procedure, benefits, and potential risks involved.

Some situations that may warrant the consideration of a penile implant include:

Non-Responsiveness to Medications: If oral medications or other ED treatments do not produce the desired results, a penile implant may be a viable alternative.
Anatomical Abnormalities: Certain anatomical abnormalities, such as Peyronie’s disease (scar tissue formation in the penis) or severe congenital penile curvature, can coexist with refractory ED. In such cases, a penile implant can help overcome these physical limitations.
Underlying Medical Conditions: Individuals with medical conditions like diabetes, spinal cord injuries, or prostate cancer treatments (e.g., radical prostatectomy) may experience persistent ED that does not respond well to conservative treatments. A penile implant can offer a solution in these cases.

There are two primary types of penile implants: inflatable and malleable.

Inflatable Implants: This type consists of inflatable cylinders placed in the penis, a fluid-filled reservoir, and a pump. The cylinders fill with fluid by squeezing the pump in the scrotum, creating an erection. After intercourse, the liquid is transferred back to the reservoir, deflating the implant. The reservoir is typically placed within the pelvis through the same incision used to place the implant.
Malleable Implants: Malleable implants, also known as semi-rigid implants, consist of bendable rods inserted into the penis. They allow the individual to position the penis for sexual activity manually. Unlike inflatable implants, malleable implants do not require a pump or reservoir. However, the same level of natural flaccidity is not achieved with a malleable.

Penile implants offer several benefits for individuals with persistent ED:

Reliability: Penile implants provide a reliable and on-demand solution for achieving and maintaining erections.
Spontaneity: Unlike other treatment options that may require planning or timing, penile implants allow for spontaneous sexual activity.
Improved Satisfaction: Across multiple studies, penile implants have been shown to have up to a 90% patient and partner satisfaction rate. This high satisfaction rate makes sense as penile implants can restore sexual function and enhance overall well-being.

However, it is essential to consider the potential risks associated with penile implants, and discussing these factors with a physician is crucial before making a decision:

Infection: While rare, the risk of developing an implant infection is between 1 and 3%. Infection risk is higher in the following situations: replacement or revision of penile implant, immunosuppression, poorly controlled diabetes, and pre-existing infection anywhere else in the body. In case of penile implant infection, the device must be removed, the cavity washed out, and new placement.
Mechanical failure: As with any mechanical device, there is a chance of breakdown of the components over time, requiring reoperation. The risk of mechanical failure is 5% at five years after device placement.
Intraoperative complications: Complications during the operation are exceptionally rare. However, one notable complication is an injury to the urethra, which requires abandoning the surgery and waiting to place the implant when the urethra has healed.

When traditional treatment options for ED prove ineffective or unsuitable, a penile implant can be considered a viable solution. It offers individuals a reliable and on-demand method to regain sexual function, improving quality of life and intimate relationships. However, the decision to pursue a penile implant should be made after carefully considering the individual’s unique circumstances in consultation with Dr. Kapadia.

Debunking Common Vasectomy Myths

Posted on June 14, 2023August 2, 2023 by Akash Kapadia, MD in Vasectomy

Vasectomy is a safe, effective, and permanent method of male sterilization. Despite its widespread use, numerous misconceptions and myths surround this procedure. These misconceptions often deter men from considering a vasectomy. In this article, we aim to debunk some of the most common myths about vasectomies. By separating fact from fiction, we hope to clarify and enable men to make informed decisions about their reproductive health.

Myth 1: Vasectomy Is Immediately Effective

While vasectomy is an effective contraceptive method, it does not immediately render a man infertile. After undergoing a vasectomy, sperm will initially remain within the reproductive tract, which can potentially lead to pregnancy. It takes time and several ejaculations to fully clear the remaining sperm from the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. Men should continue using contraception until follow-up semen analysis in the office 8 to 16 weeks postoperatively demonstrates no sperm. Before this testing, men should perform at least 10 to 20 ejaculations.

Myth 2: Vasectomy Is Irreversible

Contrary to popular belief, vasectomy is not always irreversible. While the procedure is intended to be permanent, options are available for men who later decide to father children.
It is possible to restore fertility through a procedure called a vasectomy reversal, which is performed microscopically. Surveys suggest 2 to 6% of vasectomized men will ultimately seek reversal. It is important to know that this surgery is often expensive and not covered by insurance.

Myth 3: Vasectomy Is Painful

Many men avoid vasectomy for fear of pain and discomfort during the procedure. However, vasectomy is a relatively quick and straightforward surgical procedure. Most vasectomies are performed using local anesthesia, which numbs the area and significantly reduces pain. The process typically takes 15-30 minutes and involves making a small incision in the scrotum to access the vas deferens. Some men may experience mild discomfort or soreness post-surgery, but this can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers and ice packs.

Myth 4: Vasectomy Increases the Risk of Prostate Cancer

In the past, men with vasectomies were believed to have a greater risk of developing prostate cancer. However, numerous studies have investigated this association, and the overall scientific evidence does not support a causal link between vasectomy and prostate cancer.

Myth 5: Sex Will Not Be as Pleasurable After a Vasectomy

Many men express concern that undergoing a vasectomy will reduce their sexual pleasure. However, it’s important to understand that vasectomy only interrupts the delivery of sperm during ejaculation. Vasectomy does not affect any of the nerves in the penis, so sensitivity or pleasure will remain unchanged. It also does not affect testosterone production, libido, or the ability to achieve and maintain an erection. Further, the freedom from worrying about unplanned pregnancies may make sex even more pleasurable for both partners.

Myth 6: Men Who Undergo Vasectomy Ejaculate Less

It is a common misconception that a vasectomy will reduce a man’s semen volume. However, the testicles contribute only about 5% of your semen volume. The remaining 95% is produced by the prostate and seminal vesicles, unaffected by a vasectomy.

Vasectomy remains a highly effective and reliable option for men seeking permanent sterilization. We hope to encourage men to make informed decisions about their reproductive health by dispelling common myths surrounding vasectomies. Men considering a vasectomy must consult a healthcare professional who can provide personalized information and address concerns.

Research Suggests That THC Use Has an Effect on Fertility

Posted on May 24, 2023June 1, 2023 by Akash Kapadia, MD in Male Fertility

As if the number of fertility-issue-causing concerns wasn’t long enough, recent (2021) research¹ has shown that regular consumption of THC, the psychoactive compound of marijuana, is potentially harmful to male fertility. The study showed that in current and past human users, marijuana had a significantly higher risk of abnormal sperm morphology versus non-users. Semen volume was also lower in current and past users.

Another study² conducted on non-human subjects (rhesus macaque monkeys), giving them daily THC, showed the testes of the animal subjects reduced in size and increased fragmentation of DNA. These associations were directly correlated to increased use.

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Comparing Micro-TESE and FNA Mapping / Testicular Mapping

Posted on May 10, 2023June 1, 2023 by Akash Kapadia, MD in Azoospermia

Non-obstructive Azoospermia is a concerning condition for any man. There are physical implications, of course, in that there’s no sperm in the semen, and the man cannot become a biological father. However, psychological considerations can also make azoospermia defeating. Many men find it very difficult to learn that the only option is relatively invasive microscopic surgery called MicroTESE which carries a 50% or less chance of finding sperm.

For most men, an alternative to the costly and invasive MicroTESE is a minimally invasive procedure known as testicular mapping (fine needle aspiration mapping). Unfortunately, there are very few reproductive urologists (male fertility specialists) around the United States, including Dr. Kapadia, who perform testicular mapping for azoospermia. As such, Dr. Kapadia sees patients from all over the US who are interested in this procedure.

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Nitric Oxide and Its Role in Erectile Dysfunction

Posted on April 26, 2023April 28, 2023 by Akash Kapadia, MD in Diet, Erectile Dysfunction, Supplements

Several potential issues can cause or worsen erectile dysfunction. Many of these are discussed on our website. However, some are less discussed yet worthy of mention and attention; one such potential cause is a deficiency in nitric oxide. Nitric oxide, or NO, is a gas molecule that most cells in the body produce. It is an integral part of how our body functions and plays a role in activating the enzymes in blood vessels that, among other things, help make a normal erection. As we age, however, the body produces less nitric oxide (which is the case for many essential bodily functions).

While the prevalence of erectile dysfunction continues to be researched, studies have shown that about 20% of the United States male population and 50% of those aged 40 to 70 years may suffer from moderate ED. Greater than 60% of men over 70 may suffer as well. This data is from the early 2000s, and the obesity epidemic, for example, has significantly worsened so those prevalence figures may be even higher.

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Should You Drink Less if You Have BPH?

Posted on April 12, 2023April 28, 2023 by Akash Kapadia, MD in BPH, Diet

While benign is in the name, it sure doesn’t feel like it to patients suffering from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). At first, many patients think they may have prostate cancer. They are relieved to learn that most cases of symptomatic lower urinary tract symptoms are not caused by a malignancy but rather this ubiquitous normal part of the aging process. However, BPH only tends to get worse as the cells in the prostate continue to grow. The result is often nocturia, in which the patient wakes for a visit to the bathroom multiple times each night, often causing disrupted sleep and constant daytime fatigue. As such, many patients think that reducing their water intake will solve the issue.

Ultimately, drinking fewer fluids to try to avoid the symptoms of BPH doesn’t work and may be counterproductive. For one, it is critically important that you stay hydrated for continued health. This is not just the health of your urinary system, but every bodily function depends on proper hydration. Even mild dehydration has significant physical and psychological consequences. Further, dehydration can make your lower urinary tract symptoms worse. Lack of fluid intake can cause bladder irritation as the urine is more concentrated. The result? You guessed it! An urge to urinate more frequently. It can also cause significant kidney issues that, once again, can create problematic urinary symptoms.

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